Computer Grade 9 Chapter 2 || Fundamentals of Operating system || Computer class 9 Notes || ESsay 300w
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Operating system
Questions/Answers
1. Define operating system.
An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like booting the computer, file management, memory management, process management and controlling peripheral devices such as hard disk, printer etc. Examples of operating system are Windows, DOS, Linux, UNIX Ubuntu, Android, Blackberry, iOS, Mac OS, etc.
2. Enlist the functions of operating system.
Operating system manages every activity of a computer. It is the master control program that provides an interface, for a user to communicate with computer. System software and application software run on operating system. Operating system performs booting, resource management, user-interface or command interpreter, memory management, input / output management, file management, process management, user management etc.
3. Define booting.
Booting is a process of starting the computer operating system. It checks the computer resources and makes it ready to perform different tasks.
4. Define resource management.
Operating system manages all the hardware and software resources. This includes allocation and de-allocation of processor, memory, access to shared cache memory and access to network resources.
5. Define user interface & command interpreters.
We interact with operating system through user interface. Command interpreter is one of the parts of operating system which reads the commands from user, interprets them and translates them into machine language instructions that the computer hardware can understand.
6. Define memory management.
Memory management module performs the tasks of allocation and de-allocation of memory space to programs and data in need of these resources.
7. Define input / output management.
An operating system provides the device driver to facilitate I/O functions involving I/O devices through their controllers.
8. Define file management.
File management function manages all the file-related activities such as organization, storage, retrieval, naming, sharing and protection of files.
9. Define process and process management.
PROCESS
A process is a job or activity to be performed by the system. The term process refers to program code that has been loaded into a computer’s memory for execution by the central processing unit (CPU).
Process Management
A process management manages creation, deletion, suspension and resumption of processes. The operating system must ensure that each process gets a fair share of CPU’s time. The OS decides the order in which processes have access to the processor and how much processing time each process should get. This function of OS is called process scheduling.
10. How many types of interface? Give example.
An interface is a program that allows a user to interact with the computer or another computer over a network. A user interface is a part of operating system, program, or devices that allows a user to enter and receive information. There are many types of user interfaces. Two most common user interfaces are command line interface and graphical user interface.
11. Explain command line interface (CLI).
A command line interface (CLI) is a screen or text based representation in which the user types all commands on place called prompt to operate the computer. Command contains string of characters. CLI is difficult to use because the user has to remember the commands and their syntaxes but it is fast in use because text mode takes less resources. It was primarily provided to users by computer terminals on UNIX and personal computers including MS-DOS and Apple DOS.
12. Explain graphical user interface (GUI).
A graphical user interface (GUI) provides a user friendly environment where user can interact with computers through graphical objects such as menus, icons, buttons and other graphical objects. It is easy to use as users are supposed to just click on a picture to run commands without memorizing them. GUI is slower than CLI as graphical mode takes more memory and resources. Windows and iOS are the examples of GUI.
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